promote [prəˈməʊt] vt. 促进；进步；推崇；倾销 1335
助记：
pro(上前)+mot(动)+e→使之上前动→促进、进步、促销
搭配：
promote growth/prosperity(考)：促进增长/闹热
get promoted(考)：晋升
promote the mechanization of agriculture(考)：促进农业机械化
例句：
No regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisement.
莫得哪家正规的告白商敢倾销与告白喜悦不符的产物。(研真95)
阅读难点：
live up to：不亏负、作念到 fail to live up to：没能作念到
写稿例句：
没能作念到告白中喜悦的后果的倾销是不法的。(1995.1作文：不法 告白)
It is illegal to promote a product that fail to live up to the promise of its effect in the advertisement.
promoter [prəˈməʊtə] n. 发起东谈主；促进者；生长辈 8582
promotion [prəˈməʊʃn] n. 促进；进步，晋升；倾销，促销；推崇，振兴 3823
promotional [prəˈməʊʃənl] adj. 增进的；奖励的；促销的 9782
emotion [ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n] n. 神色；心境 2135
助记：
e(=ex：向外)+mot(=move：感动、动)→动情→心境、神色
emotional [ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n(ə)l] adj. 心境的；易欢乐的；感动东谈主的 1625
emotionally [ɪˈməʊʃənəli] adv. 情谊上；心境上；令东谈主欢乐地；心境冲动地 4704
remove [rɪˈmuːv] vt. 移动，迁移；开除；逶迤 879
助记：
re(又、再)+move(移动)→再移动→移动、移除
removable [rɪˈmuːvəbl] adj. 可移动的；可去掉的；可免职的 15229
removal [rɪˈmuːv(ə)l] n. 移动；免职；捣毁；搬迁 4763
mobile [ˈməubail] a. 不错动的
助记：
mob(=move：动)+ile(=ible：不错、能)→不错动的→移动的、移动 电话
搭配：
mobile telephone(考)：移动电话
mobilize [ˈməubilaiz] v. 动员、组织、逶迤
助记：
mob(动)+ilize(=ile+ize：复合使动词后缀)→使动起来→逶迤、动员、 组织
immobile [ɪˈməʊbaɪl] adj. 固定的；不变的；相识的 17253
immobilize [ɪˈməʊbɪlaɪz] vt. 使不动；使固定；使罢手畅通 17376
automobile [ˈɔːtəməbiːl] n. 汽车 4042
snowmobile [ˈsnəʊməbiːl] n. 雪上汽车；无邪雪橇 14152
motion [ˈməʊʃ(ə)n] n. 动作；肯求；手势；移动；意向 1836
助记：
mot(动)+ion(名词后缀)→移动、通顺
搭配：
motion sickness(考)：晕动病(指晕船、晕车等)
motionless [ˈməʊʃnləs] adj. 静止的；不通顺的 9709
motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] vt. 刺激；使有动机；引发……的积极性 3570
助记：
mot(动)+ivate(复合动词后缀：使)→使……动起来、使有能源→激 发、饱读动
例句：
Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
关联词，合乎的构兵水平好像引发创造性，况兼以一种健康和竞争的方 式激励东谈主。(2000.1)
同义：spark [spa:k] n. 火花 v. 触发、引发
助记：
Spark English：星火英语→火花；触发、引发
搭配：
spark plugs(考)：火花塞
写稿例句：
一场论争被触发了。有东谈主以为文凭很有价值，其他东谈主则以为毫无 价值。(2011.6作文：文凭热)
A debate has been sparked/triggered. Some hold that certificates are valuable, others, totally valueless.
仿写例句：
形成盗版风光的原因之一是许多东谈主被盗版产物的暴利所激励了。 (2005.6作文：盗版风光)
One of the cause for piracy is that many people are motivated/sparked by the huge profits from pirated products.
motivated [ˈmotɪvetɪd] adj. 有动机的；有积极性的 9924
motivation [məʊtɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n. 动机；鼓励；积极性 3151
motivational [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃənəl] adj. 动机的；引发性的；联系动机的；[法]动 机评释 9417
motivator [ˈməʊtɪveɪtə] n. 激起步履(或行动)的东谈主(或事物)；引发成分 15821
motive [ˈməʊtɪv] n. 动机，主义；主题 3615
搭配：
democratic motive(考)：民主动机
例句：
Yet it can be said that three large forces—religious persecution, political oppression and economic hardship—provided the chief motives for the mass migrations to America.
关联词，不错说三个最大的能源——宗教毒害、政事压迫和经济困 难——是大畛域往好意思国移民的主要动因。(2006.12)
motor [ˈməʊtə] n. 发动机，马达；汽车 3162
助记：
mot(动)+or(名词后缀)→发动机；汽车
搭配：
motor vehicle(考)：无邪车辆
motel [məʊˈtel] n. 汽车旅社 5321
motorcade [ˈməʊtəkeɪd] n. (载有紧迫东谈主物的)车队，汽车行列 17263
词源：
“procession of motorcars,” 1909, from motor-+suffix from cavalcade(骑马 队列). (载有紧迫东谈主物的)车队，汽车行列
A motorcade is a line of slow-moving cars carrying important people, usually as part of a public ceremony.
motorcycle [ˈməʊtəsaɪk(ə)l] n. 摩托车；无邪车 6146
motorist [ˈməʊt(ə)rɪst] n. 驾车旅行的东谈主，开汽车的东谈主 9639
motorized [ˈmotəraɪzd] adj. 摩托化的；无邪化的 16303
momentum [məuˈmentəm] n. 势头、动量、能源
助记：
mom(=move：动)+entum(=ent+um：复合名词后缀)→能源、动量、 势头
搭配：
irresistible momentum of individualism(考)：弗成互异的个东谈主主义势头
remote [rɪˈməʊt] adj. 边远的；偏僻的；提议的 2802
助记：
re(又、再)+mot(移动)+e→再往(边远)移动→边远的、提议的
搭配：
a remote hosting company(考)：一个辛勤托管公司
remotely [rɪˈməʊtlɪ] adv. 边远地；偏僻地 9849
mutual [ˈmjuːtʃʊəl;-tjʊəl] adj. 相互的，相互的；共同的 2821
助记：
mut(=move：移动、变换位置、改变)+u(集合符号)+al(形色词后缀： 的)→相互变换位置的→相互的、共同的
搭配：
mutual respect/influence(考)：相互尊重/影响
mutually [ˈmjuːtʃuəli] adv. 相互地；联接 8151
commute [kəˈmjuːt] vt. 交换；减刑；用……交换；使……变成 6971
助记：
com(加强口吻)+mute(=move：改变、变换位置)→交换、通勤；乘公 交车高放工(即：改变我方的位置)
搭配：
commute time(考)：通勤时刻(高放工时刻)
commuter [kəˈmjuːtə(r)] n. 通勤者，频繁乘环球车辆走动者；月季票乘客 6952
migrate [maɪˈgreɪt;ˈmaɪgreɪt] vi. 移动；随季节而移居；移往 6607
助记：
mig(=move：移动)+ate(使动词)→使……移动→迁移、迁移
migration [maɪˈgreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 移动；迁移；移民 4558
搭配：
massive3
migration(考)：大畛域迁移
migrant [ˈmaɪgr(ə)nt] n. 移居者；候鸟；随季节迁移的民工 5250
migratory [ˈmaɪgrət(ə)rɪ;maˈgret(ə)r] adj. 迁移的；流浪的 12510
immigration [,imiˈgreiʃən] n. 移入、移民
搭配：
illegal immigration(考)：不法移民
immigrant [ˈɪmɪgr(ə)nt] adj. 移民的；迁入的 n. 移民、外侨(番邦进来的) 2085
搭配：
immigrant community(考)：移民社区
immigrate [ˈɪmɪgreɪt] vi. 移入 14297
immigration [ɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn] n. 外来移民；移居 2452
emigrate [ˈemɪgreɪt] vi. 移居；移居番邦 10925
助记：
e(=ex：外、出去)+migrate(移动)→移居海外
emigrant [ˈemɪgr(ə)nt] n. 移民；外侨 17582
emigration [,emɪˈgreɪʃn] n. 移民；移民出境；移居番邦 12790
automatic [ɔːtəˈmætɪk] adj. 自动的；意外志的；势必的 4084
助记：
auto(我方)+mat(动)+ic(的)→自动的(=automated：自动化的、自动的)
automatically [ɔːtəˈmætɪklɪ] adv. 自动地；机械地；意外志地 3983
automation [ɔːtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 自动化；自动操作 14015
助记：
auto(自)+motion(动、移动)→自动化
automate [ˈɔːtəmeɪt] vt. 使自动化，使自动操作 17918
automated [ˈɔːtəˌmeɪtɪd] adj. 自动化的；机械化的 8249
automotive [,ɔːtəˈməʊtɪv] adj. 汽车的；自动的 8896
autonomous [ɔːˈtɒnəməs] adj. 自治的；自主的；[植]自愿的 7623
助记：
auto(我方)+nom(=law：法律)+ous(形色词后缀)→我方有我方的法律的 →自治的、自主的
autonomy [ɔːˈtɒnəmɪ] n. 自治，自治权 4764
auto [ˈɔːtəʊ] n. 自动；[好意思口]汽车(即是automobile) 3159
autobiographical [ɔːtəbaɪəˈgræfɪk(ə)l] adj. 自传的；自传体的 11823
autobiography [ɔːtəbaɪˈɒgrəfɪ] n. 自传；自传体裁 7122
autocratic [ɔːtəˈkrætɪk] adj. 专制的；独裁的，专横的 16657
autograph [ˈɔːtəgrɑːf] n. 亲笔签名；亲笔，手稿 9125
autoimmune [,ɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn] adj. 自己免疫的 17388
automaker [ˈɔ:təu,meikə] n. 汽车制造商 7785
高难度词汇：
commotion [kəˈməʊʃ(ə)n] n. 暴乱；众多 11945
词源：
late 14c., “violent movement or agitation, emotional disturbance,” from Old French commocion “violent motion, agitation” (12c., Modern French commotion) and directly from Latin commotionem (nominative commotio) “violent motion, agitation,” noun of action from past participle stem of commovere “to move, disturb,” from com “with, together,” perhaps here “thoroughly” (see com-)+movere “to move” (from PIE root *meue- “to push away”).
demote [diˈmət] vt. 使降职；使左迁 19080
释义：
1. (VERB) 使左迁；使降职；使裁减地位 If someone demotes you, they give you a lower rank or a less important position than you already have, often as a punishment. 2. (VERB) 使(球队等)左迁 If a team in a sports league is demoted, that team has to compete in the next competition in a lower division, because it was one of the least successful teams in the higher division.
locomotive [ləʊkəˈməʊtɪv] n. 机车；火车头 12067
词源：
1610s, “pertaining to movement,” from French locomotif, from Latin loco “from a place” (ablative of locus “place;” see locus)+Late Latin motivus “moving” (see motive).
释义和用法：
(N-COUNT) 机车；火车头 A locomotive is a large vehicle that pulls a railway train.
autopilot [ˈɔːtəʊ,paɪlət] n. 自动驾驶仪 19457
词源：
1510s, “one who steers a ship,” from Middle French pillote (16c.), from Italian piloto, supposed to be an alteration of Old Italian pedoto, which usually is said to be from Medieval Greek *pedotes “rudder, helmsman,” from Greek pedon “steering oar,” related to pous (genitive podos) “foot,” from PIE root *ped- “foot.” Change of -d- to -l- in Latin (“Sabine -l-”) parallels that in odor/olfactory; see lachrymose.
line [laɪn] n. 绳；排；阶梯，航路 277
lineage [ˈlɪnɪɪdʒ] n. 血缘；家系，世系 9244
词源：
late 17c., from Middle English linage “line of descent; an ancestor” (c. 1300), from Old French lignage “descent, extraction, race” (11c.), from ligne “line,” from Latin linea “line of descent,” literally “string, line, thread” (see line (n.)). The word altered in spelling and pronunciation in early Modern English, apparently by some combined influence of line (n.) and lineal.
linear [ˈlɪnɪə] adj. 线的，(经过或发展)线性的；直线的，线状的 5881
linebacker [ˈlaɪnbækə] n. (好意思式橄榄球中的)线卫，中后卫 6731
释义和用法：
(N-COUNT)(好意思式橄榄球中的)线卫，中后卫 In American football, a linebacker is a player who tries to stop members of the other team from scoring by tackling them.
lined [laɪnd] adj. 有内衬的；有皱纹的 17618
释义和用法：
1)有皱纹的 If someone’s face or skin is lined, it has lines on it as a result of old age, tiredness, worry, or illness.
2)(of clothes 穿着) having a lining inside them 有衬里的；有内衬的
lining [ˈlaɪnɪŋ] n. 衬里；内层；衬套 9641
lineman [ˈlaɪnmən] n. (好意思式足球的)时尚；线上的队员；电线架设工东谈主 9457
linen [ˈlɪnɪn] n. 亚麻布，亚麻线；亚麻成品 6094
liner [ˈlaɪnə] n. 邮轮，客轮；衬里；内衬 7628
释义和用法：
1)(尤指度假时乘坐的)邮轮，客轮 A liner is a large ship in which people travel long distances, especially on holiday.
2)(especially in compounds 尤用于组成复合词) a piece of material used to cover the inside surface of sth 衬里；内衬
lineup [ˈlaɪnʌp] n. 一组东谈主；声势；电视节目时刻表 5966
释义和用法：
1)一组东谈主；一批东西 A line-up is a group of people or a series of things that have been gathered together to be part of a particular event.
2)(为识别嫌疑犯)警方安排有待辩认的一列东谈主 At a line-up, a witness to a crime tries to identify the criminal from among a line of people.
airline [ˈeəlaɪn] n. 航空公司；航路 2147
airliner [ˈeəlaɪnə] n. 班机；大型客机 12244
baseline [ˈbeɪslaɪn] n. 基线；[体]底线 6053
coastline [ˈkəʊs(t)laɪn] n. 海岸线 10471
frontline [ˈfrʌntlain] n. 前哨 14367
front-line [ˈfrʌntˈlain] adj. 前哨的 19610
guideline [ˈgaɪdlaɪn] n. 指点标的 3089
hairline [ˈheəlaɪn] n. 极细的线；发际线；细缝 16306
hard-line [ˈhɑ:dlain] adj. 观点选拔毅力阶梯的，毫失当协的，采毅力派头的 12093
hard-liner [ˈhɑ:dˈlainə] n. 观点选拔毅力阶梯的东谈主；失当协者 12787
headline [ˈhedlaɪn] n. 大标题；施行纲要；栏外标题；头版头条新闻 3320
headliner [ˈhedlaɪnə] n. (上演中的)主要演员，主角；写标题的记者 20030
释义和用法：
(N-COUNT)(上演中的)主要演员，主角 A headliner is the main performer or group of performers in a show.
hotline [ˈhɑtlaɪn] n. 热线电话，征询电话；热线 13842
jetliner [ˈdʒetlaɪnə] n. 大型喷气式飞机(尤指客机) 19859
lifeline [ˈlaɪflaɪn] n. 人命线；救生索 14318
nonlinear [nɒnˈlɪnɪə] adj. [电]非线性的 14277
online [ɒnˈlaɪn] n. [计]在线；联机 2277
outline [ˈaʊtlaɪn] n. 轮廓；大纲；摘录；略图 4478
助记：
out(外面、卓越)+line(行、线、轮廓)→最卓越的几行→提纲、摘录、 详尽
pipeline [ˈpaɪplaɪn] n. 管谈；传递路子；输油管 5242
shoreline [ˈʃɔːlaɪn] n. 海岸线；湖滨线；河岸线 9503
sideline [ˈsaɪdlaɪn] n. 球场边线；副业；局外东谈主的不雅点 7404
skyline [ˈskaɪlaɪn] n. 地平线；空中轮廓线；架空索 9737
streamline [ˈstriːmlaɪn] vt. 使合理化；使成流线型 11991
streamlined [ˈstriːmlaɪnd] adj. 流线型的；最新式的；雠校的 15115
timeline [ˈtaɪmlaɪn] n. 时刻轴；(尤指历史事件)年表 12645
tree-lined [ˈtri:laind] adj. 摆布(或两旁)有树的；绿树成荫的 18574
underline [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] vt. 强调；在……底下划线；预报 9914
mainline [ˈmeɪn,laɪn] n. 静脉打针；干线 14441
neckline [ˈneklaɪn] n. 领口，领圈 19410
clothesline [ˈkloz,laɪn] n. 晾衣绳 17507
deadline [ˈdedlaɪn] n. 截止期限，终末期限 4072
limit [ˈlɪmɪt] n. 戒指；死心；界线 1355
词源：
c. 1400, “boundary, frontier,” from Old French limite “a boundary,” from Latin limitem (nominative limes) “a boundary, limit, border, embankment between fields,” which is probably related to limen “threshold,” and possibly from the base of limus “transverse, oblique,” which is of uncertain origin. Originally of territory; general sense from early 15c. Colloquial sense of “the very extreme, the greatest degree imaginable” is from 1904.
limited [ˈlɪmɪtɪd] adj. 有限的 1995
unlimited [ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd] adj. 无死心的；无要求的；无穷量的 6843
limiting [ˈlɪmɪtɪŋ] adj. 死心的；死心肠的 9753
limitless [ˈlɪmɪtlɪs] adj. 无界限的；无死心的 13986
off-limits [ɔfˈlimits] adj. 不容投入的；不许说合的 14872
释义和用法：
1)~ (to sb) (of a place 处所) where people are not allowed to go 不 准投入的；不容入内的
2)not allowed to be discussed 不许评述的；不容斟酌的
limitation [lɪmɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 死心；戒指；极限；[律]追诉时效；灵验期限 3045
助记：
limit(死心)+ation(=ate+ion：复合名词后缀)→戒指，死心
eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt] vt. 放手；捣毁 1852
助记：
e(=ex：向外)+lim(=limit：死心，门槛)+inate(使动词)→使……在门槛 外→捣毁，放手
例句：
If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.
如若商品供不应求，那么价钱就会进步，部分耗尽者就会被捣毁在市 场以外。(研真94)
仿写例句：
因为数字化产物价钱一般较高，许多不具备耗尽才调的耗尽者就 被捣毁在商场外。(2007.12作文：数字化产物)
Since the price of digital products is relatively high, many customers who can not afford it are eliminated from the market.
elimination [ɪ,lɪmɪˈneɪʃən] n. 撤退；放手；淘汰 7461
preliminary [prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)rɪ] adj. 霸术的；初步的；准备责任；初走路动；预 赛 4453
助记：
pre(前)+lim(=limit：死心；门槛)+inary(=ine+ary：复合形色词后缀)→ 在(准入)门槛前→霸术的，初步的；霸术责任
搭配：
preliminary assurances(考)：初步保证
alien [ˈeɪlɪən] adj. 番邦的；相异的，性质不同的 n. 番邦东谈主；外星东谈主 4016
词源：
c. 1300, “strange, foreign,” from Old French alien “strange, foreign;” as a noun, “an alien, stranger, foreigner,” from Latin alienus “of or belonging to another, not one’s own, foreign, strange,” also, as a noun, “a stranger, foreigner,” adjective from alius (adv.) “another, other, different,” from PIE root *al- (1) “beyond.” Meaning “residing in a country not of one’s birth” is from mid-15c. Sense of “wholly different in nature” is from 1670s. Meaning “not of this Earth” first recorded 1920. An alien priory (c. 1500) is one owing obedience to a mother abbey in a foreign country.
助记：
al(外)+ien(名词后缀)→番邦的；异乡的；性质不同的；不相容的
搭配：
be alien to sb(考)：对某东谈主是目生的/不练习的
alienate [ˈeɪlɪəneɪt] vt. 使提议；搬弄；让与 8301
alienated [ˈeljənetɪd] adj. 提议的；被提议的 17102
alienating [ˈeiljəneitɪŋ] adj. 异化的；提议的 18454
alienation [eɪlɪəˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 提议；转让；精神繁芜；[哲]异化；[戏]间离效 果(alienation effect) 9852
allegory [ˈælɪg(ə)rɪ] n. 寓言 14125
词源：
“figurative treatment of an unmentioned subject under the guise of another similar to it in some way,” late 14c., from Old French allegorie (12c.), from Latin allegoria, from Greek allegoria “figurative language, description of one thing under the image of another,” literally “a speaking about something else,” from allos “another, different” (from PIE root *al- (1) “beyond”)+agoreuein “speak openly, speak in the assembly,” from agora “assembly” (see agora). Related: Allegorist.
助记：
al(外)+leg(说)→说的是另外一个含义→寓言
allergy [ˈælədʒɪ] n. 过敏症；[口]反感；厌恶 7343
词源：
1911, from German Allergie, coined 1906 by Austrian pediatrician Clemens E. von Pirquet (1874-1929) as an abstract noun from Greek allos “other, different, strange” (from PIE root *al- (1) “beyond”)+ergon “activity,” from PIE root *werg- “to do.”
助记：
all(外)+erg(=act：步履)+y(后缀)→(皮肤)外面的步履→过敏
allergic [əˈlɜːdʒɪk] adj. 对……过敏的；对……极气忿的 9339
altruism [ˈæltrʊɪz(ə)m] n. 利他；利他主义 16167
释义和用法：
(N-UNCOUNT) 利他主义；利他；忘我 Altruism is unselfish concern for other people’s happiness and welfare.
altruistic [æltrʊˈɪstɪk] adj. 利他的；忘我心的 16248
ultimate [ˈʌltɪmət] adj. 最终的；根底的；极限的 2625
助记：
ult(=alt=out：外)+m(=most)+ate(形色词后缀)→最外面的；终末的； 最终的
搭配：
ultimate weapon(考)：最终火器
例句：
All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals11.
频繁是缺少行动最终断绝东谈主们达到他们的理思。(2007.6)
ultimately [ˈʌltɪmətlɪ] adv. 终末；根底；基本上 1787
ultimatum [ʌltɪˈmeɪtəm] n. 终末通牒 14437
parallel [ˈpærəlel] n. 平行线；相同情况 adj. 相同的；平行的 5932
助记：
para(摆布)+al(=other：另外)→摆布的另外一个→平行的；相同的；平 行线；相同情况
unparalleled [ʌnˈpærəleld] adj. 无比的；空前的；无双的；跻峰造极的 14409
alter [ˈɔːltə;ˈɒl-] vt. 改变，编削 2910
词源：
late 14c., “to change (something), make different in some way,” from Old French alterer “to change, alter,” from Medieval Latin alterare “to change,” from Latin alter “the other (of the two),” from PIE root *al- (1) “beyond”+comparative suffix -ter (as in other). Intransitive sense “to become otherwise” first recorded 1580s. Related: Altered; altering.
助记：
al(外)+ter(=other：其他，另一个)→改变、变化(即：成“另外一个”)
例句：
1) One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance.
对于大脑奈何改变免疫反映的最令东谈主吃惊的例子之一是巧合发现的。 (1999.6)
2) The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics.
冷战的已矣从根底上改变了宇宙政事和经济的性质。(2005.12)
仿写例句2)：
电子典籍的出现从根底上改变了东谈主们的阅读民风。(2008.6作文 电子书)
The emergence/appearance of E-books radically altered people’s habit of reading.
altered [ˈɔːltəd] adj. 改变的 10177
alteration [ɔːltəˈreɪʃ(ə)n;ˈɒl-] n. 变更；修改，改变 9194
alternate [ˈɔ:ltəneɪt; (for adj.)ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət] vi. 轮换；轮替 7518
助记：
altern(=alter=other：另外；而且tern部分还在不错效法单词“turn：转 变”)+ate→振荡(turn)成另外(other)一个→轮换、轮替；轮换的、轮 转的
搭配：
alternate day and night work(考)：昼夜轮换轮替责任
alternately [ɔːlˈtɜːnɪtlɪ] adv. 轮换地；轮替地；隔一个地 11193
alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv;ɒl-] adj. 供取舍的；取舍性的；轮换的 2089
助记：
altern(=alter：改变)+ative(复合形色词后缀：的)→可改变的、可变成 另一个的→二者选一的，可取舍的，可改变的
搭配：
an alternative solution(考)：一个可取舍决议 alternative careers(考)：另 类职业
例句：
食物行业应该改变一些被恒久摄取的作念法，或者转向危害更小的替代 取舍。(食物安全问题)
The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives.(1999.1)
alternatively [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvlɪ] adv. 非此即彼；二者择一地；手脚一种取舍 10782
alternating [ˈɔːltəneɪtɪŋ] adj. 交互的；轮换的 14207
altercation [ɒltəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 争论；争吵 19950
词源：
late 14c., “angry contention with words,” from Old French altercacion “altercation” (12c.) and directly from Latin altercationem (nominative altercatio) “a dispute, debate, discussion,” noun of action from pastparticiple stem of altercari “to dispute (with another),” from alter “the other” (see alter). The notion perhaps is of “speaking alternately.”
释义和用法：
(N-COUNT) 争论；争吵 An altercation is a noisy argument or disagreement.
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